Ti (concept)

''The Book of Lord Shang'' was an early work generally attributed to the eponymous Lord Shang. It is a foundational work of that harsh tradition: ""''The Book of Lord Shang'' teaches that laws are designed to maintain the stability of the state from the people, who are innately selfish and ignorant. There is no such thing as objective goodness or virtue; it is obedience that is of paramount importance." The philosophy espoused in this work is quite explicitly anti-:

Contents

#The Reform of the Law
#An Order to cultivate Waste Lands
#Agriculture and War
#The Elimination of Strength
#Discussion about the People
#The Calculation of Land
#Opening and Debarring
#The Unification of Words
#Establishing Laws
#The Method of Warfare
#The Establishment of Fundamentals
#Military Defense
#Making Orders Strict
#The Cultivation of Right Standard
#The Encouragement of Immigration
#Compendium of Penalties
#Rewards and Punishment
#Policies Planning
#Within the Borders
#Weakening the People
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#External and Internal Affairs
#Rulers and Ministers
#Interdicts and Encouragements
#Attention to Law
#The Fixing of Rights and Duties

Text of the work

* Chinese-English parallel text, Chinese Text Project
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Articles and essays

* for Lord Yang in the ''Encyclop?dia Britannica''
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* on Everything2